How United States Immigration Law Can Penalize the Widows of US Citizens

By: Ben Hart Click author's name for more of his/her articles

The following article explains the so-called "Widow's Penalty." Inconsistencies in the United States Immigration and Nationality Act have the effect of placing widows and widowers of United States Citizens in untenable positions should the American spouse pass away before some crucial phase of the Immigration process.

United States Immigration is a deep area of law as it is highly statute driven. Some facets of United States Immigration are very complex and one area which is very complicated occurs at the convergence of two events that no multi-national couple wants to think about: untimely demise and loss of lawful status in the USA.

In cases involving marriage to a United States Citizen, for a foreign fiancee to eventually obtain unconditional permanent residence in the United States they must pass through a series of adjudications for the Immigration authorities to ensure that the marriage is not a sham. To a certain extent, the US government begins scrutinizing a couple the moment a United States Citizen files an application to sponsor a foreign fiancee for a K1 visa. Upon preliminary approval, the file will be sent to the US Embassy or Consulate with jurisdiction over the foreign fiancee's residence. The Consulate will interview the applicant and if satisfied that the marriage is genuine, they will issue a K1 visa. The foreign fiancee will then pass through an inspection point at a port of entry in the United States where Customs and Border Protection officers will make another determination as to admissibility.

After being lawfully admitted to the USA, the foreign fiancee will have 90 days to marry the American Citizen and adjust status to permanent residence. In most cases, the marriage is executed and the foreign spouse is approved for adjustment, thereby making her a conditional lawful permanent resident. Once two years has elapsed the non-Citizen Spouse and the Citizen Spouse will need to file to have the non-Citizen's conditionality of residence lifted and thereby make the non-Citizen an unconditional lawful permanent resident. The so-called "Widows Penalty" can be an issue prior to an approval of a petition for a lift of conditions of residence or adjustment of status. If the American Citizen spouse dies prior to the approval of either of these petitions, then it can create a difficult situation for the foreign spouse because the applicant no longer meets the requirement for a lifting of conditions or adjustment. Therefore, the foreign widow could fall out of status because they are no longer married to an American. United States Federal Courts have tried to deal with this issue by interpreting the law in such a way that allows foreign widows to stay in America. The Department of Homeland Security has also taken measures to defer inspection of foreign widows and widowers in order to provide a sort of amnesty for those placed in such a difficult position.

This issue has not been fully dealt with as there are many conflicting interpretations of the current law. In general, the mood of the courts seems to be in favor of doing away with this so-called penalty because implementing the law in its current form leads to unfair outcomes for immigrants already present in the USA.

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About The Author: Benjamin Hart is a licensed American Attorney. He is the Managing Director of Integrity Legal (Thailand) Ltd. Contact Integrity Legal at 1-877-231-7533 or see more of Mr. Hart's articles at: k1 visa or k1 fiance visa.