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Russia's Capital Moscow is a Impressive City with a Inspiring Past By : Robert Thomson The history of Russia's largest city through its trials and tribulations and the way it is known for being the wonderful community it is nowadays. A Tale of Cambridgeshire History By : 4Ps--Marketing Delving into the local history of many UK cities and towns can be hugely interesting but the area of Cambridgeshire is perhaps the most captivating in its chronicles of times gone by. Varas Karim Kassim By : Farshid Period (1878-1958) Karim Kassim was the younger brother of Varas Bandali Kassim (1875-1956). He was born in 1878 in Karachi, where he acquired his formal education from Sind Madresa-tul-Islam School upto fourth class. He held a strong command in English, Gujrati and Sindhi languages. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan was his classmate. Learn about History of Ghazal By : beni nim Ghazal originated in Iran in the 10th century AD It grew from the Persian qasida, which in verse form had come to Iran from Arabia. The qasida was a panegyric written in praise of the emperor or his noblemen. The part of the qasida called tashbib got detached and developed in due course of time into the Ghazal. Whereas the qasida sometimes ran into A Flight Through the History of Aviation By : 4Ps--Marketing The history of aviation boasts an interesting story with many successful, and just as many unsuccessful, attempts by people to take to the skies. Ramses II By : Adleer Jeff King Ramses II , who dominated for 67 years during the 19th dynasty of the 12th century BC, was known as "Ramses the Great". The History of Balloons By : Rob Colbourne In the European regions in times of old you might have been entertained by a jester or troubadour who had taken the entrails of a recently butchered animal and inflate it for amusement. A True "Rags to Riches" Story - The History of Whistler, BC By : Robert Thomson Whistler, BC (British Columbia) is widely known as both a "must-go" destination resort and the co-host for the 2010 Vancouver Olympics. It is a small little town with... Mizan By : Farshid The word mizan (pl. mawazin) is derived from the root wazn meaning the knowing of the measure of a thing. It is true that the measure of material things is judged by a pair of scales or by some other implement, but the deeds of man need no scales for their measurement. Raghib writes that by wazn or mizan, in connection with the deeds of men, is meant "the doing of justice in the reckoning of men." He quotes the following examples: "And the measuring out (wazn) on that day will be just." (7:8); "And We will set up just balances (mawazin, pl. of mizan) on the day of resurrection" (21:47), where in fact the meaning is made clear in the Koran itself by the addition of the words "no soul shall be dealt with unjustly in the least." So too elsewhere, a mizan is referred to as working in nature itself: "And the heaven He raised it high, and He made the balance, that you may not be inordinate in respect of the balance, and keep up the measure with equity and do not make the balance deficient" (55:7-9). Here the words used for measure or balance are the same words mizan and wazn. A mizan or balance is first spoken of as existing in connection with the creation of the heavens, and this is followed by an injunction that men should also preserve the balance with equity. Now the balance that is seen working in nature is the law to which every thing is subject, so that, while opposing forces do exist, yet each force is subject to a law and does not nullify the other. Everything works out its destiny according to a measure, and so should man also work out his destiny according to a measure. Hence the injunction not to get inordinate in respect of the measure. Missionary Kassim Ali Muhammad Jaffer By : Farshid Varas Karim Ismail Mansawala, the first title holder of Varas among the gupti Ismailis of North Gujrat, was born in 1867 in Mansa, Gujrat and came with his family to Bombay at the age of 6 years in 1873. Sir Karim Ibrahim By : Farshid Karim Ibrahim's father Ibrahim Pabani came from Mandavi, Kutchh. He was an eminent owner of the ships, sailing in Arabian and Zanzibar coasts. He had three sons - Ladha, Datoo and Karim. Ibrahim Pabani died in 1857. The US Constitution, 18th Amendment, Differing Views of Intent By : Paul Thompson A brief overview of the US Constitution and the challenge of making amendments Jaffer Rahimtulla By : Farshid Jaffer Rahimtulla was the younger brother of Sir Ibrahim Rahimtullah (1862-1942). He was born in 1870 and after the death of his father, his brother Ibrahim Rahimtullah gave him adequate education. After his matriculation in 1888, he joined the university and passed B.A. (Hon.) in Philosophy and Logic. The History of Military Order of the Collar (MOC). By : Anders U Many kingdoms have ruled this earth and have left behind their glorious past, which we enjoy reading in the literature that is treasured in our libraries and on the internet. One such excerpt is from the History of The Royal House of Aragon, Militare Ordine del Collare. Nobility in Charity By : Allan Allan Charity is the art of benevolent giving. This noble deed is carried out by many charitable trusts, NGO’s, churches and other religious organizations and other private and Government organizations. Even Royals are known to do charitable work but usual A Short History Of Corbridge By : Patrick Attlee This article provides a short history of Anglian Corbridge in Northumberland, England. The Whosie-Whatsit War: How the French and Indian War Shaped US History By : Paul Thompson Investigating the impact of the French and Indian War on US History. World War 2 - The Build up to War Part II By : Richard McMunn This article provides an insight into the build up of World War 2 The Five Most Influential Figures of Canada By : djboom These five Canadian figures briefly explain Canada's story throughout the 20th century and offer a broad view of how Canada has become what it is now. The Lesser-Known Facts: A WWII Study Guide to American (Non-)Involvement By : Paul Thompson A study guide of lesser-known facts from WWII, including the 65th anniversary of a major turning point in World War II on the European front. Get Condensed Information From a German History Timeline By : DionMatejek For a more detailed German history timeline as well as information on German states, the Hamburg fish market and related visit http://www.Smart-Travel-Germany.com The History Of Shade Sails By : Robert Thomson In ancient Egypt, strips of fabric were used to cool countless numbers of Pharaohs. Ancient Greeks used them; sailors throughout history have used them while at port on a beach. In fact, the largest application of fabric used for shade was in ancient Rome. Betsy Ross and the American Flag By : Felicity Grant A common practice among Americans celebrating Independence Day each July 4th is to display an American flag because it is a symbol of freedom and liberty, which the United States promises in the Bill of Rights and proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence. John Hancock: American Patriot By : Felicity Grant Of the 56 men that signed the Declaration of Independence, the first, largest and most famous signature is of John Hancock, President of the Second Continental Congress. His signature is so famous that the term “John Hancock” is used as a colloquial synonym for one’s signature. More important than his memorable signature are John Hancock’s role and contributions to the American Revolutionary War. Ethiopian News and About Ethiopia By : Trueblue Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east and Djibouti to the northeast. Its size is 1,100,000 km² with an estimated population of over 85,000,000. It is one of oldest countries in the world and the second most populous in Africa – only second to Nigeria. The population is diverse and has more than 70 different languages. The dominant ethnic group in Ethiopia is the Oromo (40%), followed by the Amhara (30%), and Tigray (6%). Paper's Long And Fascinating History By : Robert Thomson Paper has a long and rich history. Many of us were taught that paper originated in Egypt with the use of papyrus. But a recent archaeological discovery has revealed that the Chinese may be the first to have created paper. History Of Hawaii By : Robert Thomson The Aloha State became the 50th United State in 1959 but Hawaii already enjoyed a proud and magical history. The Hitler Myth By : James Goldsmith A short article on the creation of the Hitler Myth. China's Earliest Emperors By : Henry KH Fong Chinese history remembers Suiren, Fuxi and Shennong as the Three Sage Kings. While not exactly kings, they are the leaders of their generation and are remembered today for their personal sacrifices and the many unique contributions to mankind. How World War 2 unfolded. By : Richard McMunn This article briefly details the events that led up to World War 2 and in particular the battles that the brave men and women fought. Bronze Age Sauna Discovered By : David Timothy A mound of burned stones at the sites suggests a sauna may have stood there, around 700BC, along with the remains of a Roman farm. Interesting Facts About Ancient Egypt Part 1 By : Mario Vaillancourt Interesting, often unknown by people, facts about ancient Egypt civilization, such as Egyptian Ancient Language, Hieroglyphic Characters, Rosetta stone, Tombs of Ancient Egypt, How to Mummify, Ancient Egypt Canopic Jar. American History in Obama’s Inauguration Speech By : Nate Barrack Obama is all about change. American History in Obama’s inauguration speech. Where in he invokes the experiences of a wide variety of Americans, from all walks of life, in triumphing over adversity and refers to American victories in World War II (over fascism) and the Cold War (over communism). The Maya Decline By : Avicenna The causes of the decline of Maya classic civilization is remain a mystery. Various theories about the Maya decline have been suggested. Epidemic diseases, such as yellow fever and malaria are probably post-Colombian imports to America. There is also no convincing evidence that the decline of Maya civilization was caused by natural disaster such as earthquakes or devastating droughts. Kokopelli: A Humpbacked Flute Player By : Avicenna Kokopelli is a fertility deity, who is worshipped by many Native American Indian tribes in the Southwest. And like most fertility deities, Kokopelli presides over both childbirth and agriculture. He is also thought to be a trickster god, traveling trader, insect, musician, warrior and hunting magician. The Battle of Stamford Bridge By : Mike Bond How King Harold of England received the news of King Sigurdsson's raid in the North of England while he waited for the landing of William the Bastard from Normandy. He made an incredible march up north and defeated Harald Hardrada, as he was known. This was the last Viking raid in England. The Way of the Knight By : Mike Bond This gives an overview of the medieval knight, an idea of what it must have been like to wear armour, the size of his horse and touches on the hardships he faced on the First Crusade. American Era History Book Review: The Civil War Through The Camera By : Spencer Holly Over 600,000 Americans died during the Civil War. This book tells that story in the fine dramatic prose of the post-Victorian era. This is a comprehensive textual work that is supported by hundreds of actual battlefield photographs. Black Entrepreneurs By : Fernando1 For decades now, numerous blacks have marked their names and have contributed greatly on the development of their fields—the arts, the academe, the sciences, culture, sports, politics, business, and the economy, among others. The achievements of black entrepreneurs around the world have proved greatly that there are no racial boundaries in entrepreneurship. Black entrepreneurs have shown what equality is, and that includes equal opportunities to succeed. Adam Smith: Capitalism's Founding Father By : William Welch Modern capitalism traces its roots to Adam Smith and his Wealth of Nations. Please Honor Abraham Lincoln on the Bicentennial of His Birthday By : Spencer Holly Abraham Lincoln was President at a time of great crisis, and it will do well for us to reflect on some of the hard times that Lincoln, and the Nation faced, and remember that, in those former times, their problems were perceived to be just as serious as our current problems, and yet, they survived, and over came them. American Era History Resources - Antiquarian History eBooks by Spencer Holly By : Spencer Holly Anyone who says that it is a waste of time to read American era history from antiquarian (antique) books is missing a great history resource. Antiquarian books are a rich source of historical information that is unfettered and undiluted by modern historical researchers. It’s a pleasure to read a history book that is not just another repetition of facts and figures and a sequence of events like every other book on a given subject, and that is not full of politically correct platitudes Why Small Museums Are Beautiful By : Professor Jack Lohman The Cultural Olympiad has had its detractors since it was officially launched soon after the Beijing Games, with many decrying its £40 million budget. The truth is, this four-yearly event is not just the cultural preserve of the recognised collections and exhibitions of the big galleries and museums, but hands centre stage to smaller non-national museums. The Aztecs and their history By : Robert Thomson The Aztecs have always been a shining example of human progress. Their achievements and events have rivaled most of the empires of Europe. Read on to know their bloody and turbulent history. History of Soap Introduction - Part 1 By : Dimi Petrova Soap making involved a chemical process called saponification, which occurred when ashes and fats were mixed, though in the early days of making soap this chemistry would have not had been understood. The process of saponification would have occurred by accident rather than by design. Three Famous American Soldiers By : Felicity Grant There are many famous American soldiers but three tend to stick out in the minds of most Americans as the most famous. These three soldiers are Dwight D. Eisenhower, Robert E. Lee and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. Aviation - How To Succeed 2 By : firepen This Article follows the development of Aviation from Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic flight in 1927 to the present day, with aircraft powered by alternative fuels, such as ethanol, electricity, and even solar energy. It includes the post WW2 boom in general aviation, both private and commercial, the development of civil jets, such as the Comet, and the introduction of turboprop propulsion. The Charming History of Wine Growing - it all Started with a Suicide Attempt By : Robert Thomson This story examines the development of wine. The History of Halloween By : Paul B Halloween is celebrated on the evening of October 31. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, bonfires, parties, carving Jack-o'-lanterns, reading scary stories and watching horror movies. An Unauthorized History Of Barbershops By : Kennedy Kennedy Remember when the neighborhood barbershop used to be the center of the community? Sure the town haircutter had power then, but, back in tribal times, when men were really men, the barber was also something of a high priest. People believed that long hair was a sign of "evil spirits," so the barber had the scissors - and the spiritual power - to free them of any bad juju just by chopping their locks. Famous Ocean Explorers By : Kelly Wheeler Today the thought of yachts conjures up images of sunbathing, Caribbean holidays and luxury. But not so long ago, these vessels were the simple structures that intrepid explorers called home for many years at a time and transported people to places that they could never have dreamed existed. Yachts like the Santa Maria helped sailors find the North American continent while the Victoria was the first vessel to sail around the globe. Royal Britain's Interesting History During The 15th & 16th Century By : Devinder Patel From 1370 to 1413 many revolutions took place in Britain (not yet "Great") at this time and ultimately the House of Lancaster grabbed the English Throne. The losses in France started a series of bloody events that were horrible in Medieval (or is it MediEVIL !) Britain and it again lost its glory, until Tudor Henry VII came to the throne after winning the battle of Market Bosworth in 1485 and starting another century's history in Britain. 1000 Years Of British History After 410 AD When The Romans Evacuated By : Devinder Patel The Romans kept continually pushing back their Celtic attackers in Britain from two sides (the North and West) but then in 410 AD Emperor Constantine removed his Roman Army in Britain altogether in order to defend the Roman Empire at the River Rhine frontier from invasion. The different cities of Britain thus had to defend themselves and the Romans never came back. Birth of the Samurai By : A short to the point article that explains how the samurai developed from a basic warrior group into a way of life we understand today. Plus basic information on the Ronin The Birth of the Unique Japanese Style Blade By : Dr. David Breslow Discover the legend that created the unique style and shape of the samurai sword. Easy to follow and packed with information just for you. Building a Wall of Separation Between Church and State By : Lindsey Malberg Now for a little history quiz. Where are the words, "separation of Church and State" in the Constitution? Are they in one of the articles or in one of the Bill of Rights amendments? Wrong! The phrase is not in any article of the Constitution, and it is not in the Bill of Rights either. Seeing Historical Periods from a Different Angle By : seo expert How Renaissance shaped European History The concept of Renaissance The Real Aula Mallorquesa By : Jan77 Jan77 The Real Aula Mallorquesa, also called the the Escuela Miramar, was founded in 1276 by James I King of Majorca with the approval of H.H. Pope John XXII and reconstituted by H.R.H. don Francesco Mario Paternò Castello e Guttadauro as Head of the Royal House of Aragon Majorca and Sicily, also Grand Master of the Militare Ordine del Collare (Military Order of the Collar, MOC). It is an institution for higher studies which aims to bring together the various disciplines of Aragonese History, of Historical Studies related to it, and in general the pursuit of Traditional Studies and such as may be followed in the fields of Letters, Arts and Sciences; moreover it aims to publish academic papers and to support by all possible means the development and the deepening of the aforementioned studies. The Real Aula Mallorquesa is an international, cultural institution, independent, non-denominational and non-profit making as defined in Article 26 et seqq. of the Italian Civil Code. Send Memorable Rakhi Gifts on Raksha Bandhan By : Anand H Mistry Rakhi is one of the very important festivals of India. It is celebrated all over the country but the ways of celebrations vary region to region. The name of this festival also changes as soon as one enters into a new region. For instance some of the names are the 'Vish Taadak' (destroyer of poison), the 'Punya Pradaayak' (bestower of boons), and the 'Paap Naashak' (destroyer of sins). Well this is why India is called an example of 'Unity in Diversity'. The Royal Aragonese College of Arms By : Jan8 Jan8 The Royal Aragonese College of Arms or R.A.C.A. is a corporation of Kings of Arms and Chroniclers, Heralds and Pursuivants under the jurisdiction of H. R. H. the Duke of Perpignan, Head of the Royal House of Aragon, Majorca and Sicily, Grand Master of the Militare Ordine del Colalre (Military Order of the Collar, MOC). The Military Order of the Collar By : Jan2 Jan2 The Military Order of the Collar The Military Order of the Collar is claimed to be family Order of the Royal House of Aragon, Majorca, and Sicily. The history of MOC before the year 1850 is partly unknown although strong evidence suggests that the order began as a dynastic order attached to the Paterno family. Celebration of 200 Years of Portuguese Royal Family Arrival in Brazil By : Andre Skowronski Small summary of Rio de Janeiro ´s discovery and foundation. Alarakhia Sumar By : Ibrahim Period: (d. 1880) Mukhi Alarakhia Sumar was originally of Mulla Katiar, Sind, but his family came to settle in Bombay. He was an eminent merchant of cloth and sugar. He became Mukhi of the Bombay Jamatkhana soon after the death of Mukhi Alibhai Padamsi in 1848. The Ismailis possessed a graveyard near Dongri, Bombay since 1790, measuring 12706 sq. yards. He and Kamadia Khaki Padamsi extended the site by purchasing an adjoining plot of 6978 sq. yards from Nilaji Lakshamji for Rs. 11500/- in September 1856. Wazir Ahmed Ali Nizari Piredina By : Ibrahim Piredina was born in Hyderabad, Sind. He migrated near Muscat with his family. His son Ahmed Nizari was born in 1886 and became known as Ahmed Nizari or Nizari Piredina. Not much is known of his early life. It is however said that he could speak Arabic, Persian, English, Hindi, Gujrati, and Sindhi fluently. He is said to have visited Karachi in 1920, where the Imam emphasized upon the Ismailis to go to Baghdad and Basra to hunt business opportunities. Nazi Jews:A Historical Paradox By : Brian Cuban Would it surprise anyone to learn that there were upwards of 150, 000 soldiers of partial Jewish descent serving in the Nazi army during World War II? Varas Abdul Rasul Alidina Visram By : Ibrahim Period: (d. 1923) He was born in Bagamoyo, Uganda. He was a trader and became known as the "uncrowned king" in Uganda until 1922. The High School of Mombasa stands out as one of the shining examples of his many large-hearted charities. According to the report of the Times of India (June 8, 1919), the British bestowed him the title of M.B.E. (Member of British Empire) in appreciation of his invaluable services and loyalty to the British government. Valuable Civil War Antiques By : Gnubas This is a fun and exciting article with the essentials of what Civil War antiques has to give any individual who would like to learn more about antiques and reproductions and much more. Chopsticks History And How to Use Chopsticks? By : Weiwei Chopsticks are a pair of small even-length tapered sticks, which are invented by ancient Chinese, and are the main eating utensils of Asian countries, such as China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea and Thailand. Rome After the Defeat of Cannae By : seo expert God consulting before battling the Carthaginians Bai Budhai By : Ibrahim Syed Ruknuddin, the son of Pir Hasan Kabiruddin had a daughter, called Bibi Jeval or Bibi Jivan Khatoon. She married to Pir Hasan Kabiruddin and had five sons and a daughter, called Bai Budhai. The biography of Bai Budhai is not found in early or later sources. We have very brief scrap of the traditions. She is referred simply as the daughter of Pir Hasan Kabiruddin or the sister of Syed Imam Shah (d. 926/1520) and nothing else. Syed Imam Shah was the younger son of Pir Hasan Kabiruddin through Bibi Hurmat Khatoon, and the meager detail of Bai Budhai makes little concern connected with him. She is brought on historical record after the death of Pir Hasan Kabiruddin in 853/1449. Whatever is known about her is derived from her dialogues with Syed Imam Shah in the treatise comprised of 71 ginans, entitled Syed Imam Shah tatha Bai Budhai'no Samvad, in which it infers that she complained to Syed Imam Shah their parents died during their small ages (47:5). The age of Syed Imam Shah was about 19 years during the death of his father in 853/1449. It suggests that Bai Budhai's age would have been 16 to 17 years, and as such she was born most possibly in 835/1432 or 836/1433. Summing up the fragments of the ginans, it appears that the name Budhai was her pen name. It is said that her marriage took place with a rich cotton merchant of Syed family. She led a prosperous life, but did not adhere to the path of her forefathers. Arab By : Ibrahim The word arab or arabah is probably derived from a Semitic root related to nomadism. In the Arabic language, the word arab (derived from i'rab), means those who speak clearly as contrast with ajam (those who speak indistinctly). In Koran, the word arab has never used for the country of Arabia, but characterized the residence of Ismael, the son of Abraham as an "uncultivated land." In the time of Ismael his place of residence had no name, therefore, it was given the name of an "uncultivated land." In the Old Testament, the word midbar is used for Ismael's home, meaning a desert or a barren land, which closely corresponds to the Koranic description. A Brief History Of Western Union Money Transfer Services By : Tim Ryan Discover the history and evolution of Western Union from a message relaying service to one of the worlds leading money transfer service providers. 'Don't Tread on Me' Snake Motto is Foundation for the Modern Free and Inquiring Mind By : Jack Deal The U.S. at one point was so poor and desperate it's generals told the population to make whatever flag they felt was appropriate. The most widespread was the rattlesnake and the "Don't Tread on Me" flag. John C. Fremont: U.S. Senator, Governor, Military Officer, Bandit, Prisoner and Traitor? By : Jack Deal John C. Fremont was many things including one of the founders of California. History of US Consulate in Chiang Mai By : lar Not all office buildings are merely brick and mortar. Some buildings have class and character and deserve to be recognized. The U.S. Consulate in Chiang Mai is one such building. How Washington D C was Chosen as Capital of the United States By : Burl Collins This article tells the story of why Americas capital city developed as it is today Spanish Flag By : Sandra Lightowler The Spanish flag is a yellow and red triband with the yellow horizontal band in the middle of two red horizontal bands. The Discovery Of Cuba By Christopher Columbus By : Robert Masud When Christopher Columbus first set out to discover the New World, he could not have imagined that he would reach Cuba and see some of the world's most beautiful sights that would undoubtedly take his breath away. Medieval Mystique: The Lady and the Unicorn Tapestries By : David Burr The mystique of the Lady and the Unicorn tapestries from the Medieval era. Includes a brief history. The History of Antique World Map Tapestries By : anne dickens dickens A brief history of world maps. Religious Tapestries: Merging Faith with the Arts By : David Burr A brief overview of the role religion has played in the development of the tapestry arts. The Bayeux Tapestry: Recreating the Norman Conquest By : David Burr A brief history of the Bayeux Tapestry. The Post-War Influence On Calligraphy By : Jimmy Cox From about the year 1930 calligraphy writing and lettering had made such progress that it had become a subject in the training of Art Teachers and was taught by the immediate followers of the two who had given their lives to its cause. The Craddle of Civilization - A Brief Introduction to Egyptian History By : Amar Mahallati The roots of Egyptian civilization go back more than 6,000 years to the beginning of settled life along the banks of the Nile River. Read this article for a brief introduction to the amazing history of Egypt. Model Tanks and Tank History By : Victor Epand This article is about model tanks and where the idea for tanks came from. Mao-Tse-Tung and Charles Darwin By : William Nugent Brief biography of Mao-Tse-Tung from youth to the "Long March" to the "Great Leap Forward" to the "Cultural Revolution." Shows the dependance of Marxism on philosophical atheistic materialism and in turn the dependance of atheistic materialism on Darwin's theory of evolution as an origins myth. A World War I Soldier's Photo Album: Gas, Guts and Eternal Glory? By : Jack Deal World War I was the last war fought in the trenches. It was also the war of poison gas and inthinkable carnage shown in Grandpa's soldier's photo album. What did we learn? How a Panic Disorder Evolved into Scientific Theory By : jm Panic disorder, which affects an estimated 13 million Americans, manifests itself in unexpected attacks of extreme anxiety, with symptoms including rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, trembling, sweating, nausea and dizziness. those who do have panic disorder, if left untreated, The disorder can become very disabling. Panic disorder is often accompanied by other conditions such as depression or alcoholism, and may lead into phobias, which can develop in places or situations where panic attack The History of Leonardo da Vinci By : Clyde Lee Dennis Information on The History of Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo - Greatest Artist Ever? By : Clyde Lee Dennis Information on the Art Work of Michelangelo Spartans: At The Gates Of Fire By : kristine At the Battle of Thermopylae, a combined Greek force led by the Spartans engaged a much larger invading Persian force. The battle was a tactical defeat, but it served as inspiration for the Greek defenders. It also acts as the point in history that forever thrust Spartan military might into the realm of legend. Part 2 of : Scrapped - An Ignoble End To A Great Ship: HMS Indomitable By : Mollie Kay Smith This is part 2 of the article preiously sublitted. The Legacy of Alexander the Great By : alexis Among the figures found in military history, very few inspire the same awe as Alexander the Great. Commanders that followed, from the ancient Romans to the Nazis, are said to have felt inadequate in the face of the Macedonian's achievements. History of Money By : Ibrahim The first instances of money were objects with fundamental value are called commodity money and includes any commonly-available commodity that has intrinsic value; historical examples include rare seashells, whale's teeth, and cattle. In medieval Iraq, bread was used as an early form of money. The Real Battle Of The Bulge: WWII By : Adrian Adams No, I'm not talking about weight loss. The Battle of the Bulge, known to the Allied military forces as The Battle of Ardennes, was the bloodiest battle of World War II, and one of the most horrific encounters in the history of modern warfare. Internship at the Oswiecim (Auschwitz) State Higher Vocational School By : michal costaminnego The school was founded under regulations issued by the Council of Ministers on June 7, 2005. It is one of the most important educational institutions in Oœwiecim (Auschwitz), along with the recently founded International Education Center at the Museum. One purpose of such institutions of higher education is to provide low-cost studies for young people from localities without universities. The Jagiellonian University is the patron of the school and supplies some of its personnel. Andean Archeology Revisited By : Neil MacLeod The remnants of a culture are the only way we can ascertain what has taken place before us. While history, anthropology and archeology are all studies on the past there is also much conjecture surrounding the items found. When you consider Andean Archeology you must consider the legends that surround the findings. One such finding that will be discussed is the Andean Sun Disk. This sun disk is believed to tell of an alien visitation to earth. The road from Saigon By : Christopher Rose An account of a journey made from Saigon to Vungtau in 1965. The first of many interesting if hazardous trips made by the author in Vietnam. Malta Prehistoric Ancient Temples By : Mark Debattista Malta and Gozo are justly famous for their temples and tombs. On the two islands, 34 prehistoric has been discovered, 23 of them being ancient temples. The History Of Hypnosis By : Milos Pesic "Artificially enhanced state of suggestibility resembling sleep", or widely known as hypnosis, has been in use for many centuries. However, In days of old, hardly anyone understood it or appreciated its complex nature. Its power was frequently attributed to magic and darkness. We now know that ancient fakirs and magicians practiced various types of hypnosis, especially among the Hindus.
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